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用bootsplash制作Linux全圖形啟動(dòng)界面

  • 發(fā)布于:2022-04-06
  • 254 人圍觀
Linux的各種發(fā)行版在啟動(dòng)時(shí)基本上都有兩種模式:silent mode和verbose mode。verbose模式下會(huì)打印極為詳盡的啟動(dòng)信息,比如掛載文件系統(tǒng),加載光驅(qū),激活網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)等等,而silent模式則屏蔽掉這些信息。bootsplash工具可以將一張圖片放在silent模式下的虛擬控制臺(tái)上,從而使Linux用戶看到一個(gè)全畫面的啟動(dòng)過(guò)程。另外一個(gè)工具是gensplash,比bootsplash要稍微復(fù)雜一些,不過(guò)功能更為強(qiáng)大,設(shè)計(jì)也更為合理——它將一些非必要的元素從kernel space挪出來(lái),放在user space來(lái)做。

  網(wǎng)絡(luò)上關(guān)于bootsplash(啟動(dòng)動(dòng)畫)的使用基本上是基于Linux的SuSe發(fā)行版進(jìn)行討論的——開發(fā)這組工具的作者說(shuō)他們的工作平臺(tái)是SuSe。gensplash則是基于Linux的Gentoo發(fā)行版進(jìn)行討論的。當(dāng)然這些兩組工具都可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)母膭?dòng)應(yīng)用于Linux的其它發(fā)行版。

  由于我的工作平臺(tái)是red hat linux,此篇文章就討論怎樣在RH linux下使用bootsplash。下面先給出相關(guān)的一些網(wǎng)站:

  http://www.bootsplash.org (官方網(wǎng)站,基本使用及相關(guān)原理)
  http://www.bootsplash.com  (詳盡的使用方法,基于SuSe發(fā)行版)
  http://www.bootsplash.de  (bootsplash的愛(ài)好者組織的網(wǎng)站,資料齊全)
  http://www.kernel.org (Linux內(nèi)核下載)

  本文嚴(yán)重參考http://www.linuxhall.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=201,哈哈,特此說(shuō)明。

  現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入正題。

  http://www.bootsplash.org網(wǎng)站上說(shuō),bootsplash的內(nèi)核補(bǔ)丁針對(duì)2.4.18--2.4.22和2.6.0-test9,這個(gè)消息很舊了,可以到http://www.bootsplash.de站點(diǎn)查看bootsplash所提供的各個(gè)版本的內(nèi)核補(bǔ)丁,然后確定你所用的Linux內(nèi)核版本,選擇一個(gè)補(bǔ)丁下載。

  我的內(nèi)核是2.4.20-8,下載補(bǔ)丁bootsplash-3.0.7-2.4.20.vanilla.diff。補(bǔ)丁中的3.0.7是bootsplash工具的版本號(hào),我們下載bootsplash-3.0.7.tar.bz2,再下載所要用的主題Theme-NewLinux.tar.bz2,關(guān)于材料的準(zhǔn)備就完成了。這些都可以在上面的提及的網(wǎng)站上找到。如果你的內(nèi)核沒(méi)有相應(yīng)補(bǔ)丁,那么可以選擇一個(gè)版本的內(nèi)核源代碼,打上補(bǔ)丁后,編譯一個(gè)新的內(nèi)核。

  如果沒(méi)有編譯過(guò)內(nèi)核,可以到網(wǎng)上查找相關(guān)資料,對(duì)照著練習(xí)一下。當(dāng)然,我們需要root的權(quán)限。

  第一步 修改/usr/include目錄下的三個(gè)符號(hào)鏈接:asm,scsi,linux(mv asm asm.bak,mv scsi scsi.bak,mv linux linux.bak),如果沒(méi)有,則要新建。在編譯內(nèi)核時(shí),用到這些鏈接所指向的一些頭文件。我在/usr/src目錄下建了一個(gè)名為linux的鏈接指向同一層的內(nèi)核源代碼目錄linux-2.4.20-8(這樣以后再編譯不同版本內(nèi)核時(shí),只需修改/usr/src目錄下的linux符號(hào)鏈接就可以了)。(命令ln -s linux-2.4.20-8 linux),然后進(jìn)入/usr/include目錄,分別執(zhí)行l(wèi)n -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm;ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux linux;ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi scsi。

  第二步 打補(bǔ)丁,假設(shè)補(bǔ)丁在/usr/src/linux目錄下(不在的話加上路徑即可)。patch -p1<bootsplash-3.0.7-2.4.20.vanilla.diff

  第三步 設(shè)定核心:make menuconfig。確定下列選項(xiàng)被編譯進(jìn)內(nèi)核而不是被編譯成模塊。

       對(duì)于2.4.x內(nèi)核:

Code maturity level options  ---> 
    [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers 
 Processor type and features  ---> 
    [*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support 
 Block Devices -> 
    [*] Loopback device support 
    [*] RAM disk support 
    (4096)  Default RAM disk size 
    [*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support 
 Console Drivers -> 
    [*] VGA text console 
    [*] Video mode selection support 
 Console Drivers -> Frame-buffer support -> 
    [*] Support for frame buffer devices 
    [*] VESA VGA graphics console 
    [*] Use splash screen instead of boot logo

    對(duì)于2.6.x內(nèi)核: 
 Code maturity level options  ---> 
    [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers 
 Processor type and features  ---> 
    [*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support 
 Device Drivers  ---> 
    Block devices  ---> 
      <*> Loopback device support 
      <*> RAM disk support 
      (4096) Default RAM disk size 
      [*]  Initial RAM disk (initrd) support 
 Graphics support  ---> 
    [*] Support for frame buffer devices 
    [*]  VESA VGA graphics support 
    Console display driver support  ---> 
      [*]  Video mode selection support 
      <*> Framebuffer Console support 
    Bootsplash configuration  ---> 
      [*] Bootup splash screen 

  第四步  

a>  make mkproper 清除舊的設(shè)定
b>  make dep    產(chǎn)生依賴
c>  make bzImage  編譯內(nèi)核
d>  make modules modules_install 編譯模塊
e>  cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-2.4.20

  第五步 安裝bootsplash的工具軟件和主題圖片

# tar jxvf /patch/bootsplash-3.0.7.tar.bz2
  # tar jxvf /patch/Theme-NewLinux.tar.bz2
  # cd bootsplash-3.0.7/Utilities
  # make all
  # cp fbmngplay fbresolution fbtruetype splash /sbin
  # cd ../../

  下面這幾步必須要做,不然在用splash命令時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)類似下面的錯(cuò)誤:splash:/etc/bootsplash/themes/Linux/images/silent-800x600.jpg不存在。這個(gè)其實(shí)是由于主題的配置文件中做了絕對(duì)路徑設(shè)定。

# mkdir /etc/bootsplash
  # mkdir /etc/bootsplash/themes
  # cp -a NewLinux /etc/bootsplash/themes/

  我們來(lái)看一個(gè)完整的主題配置文件,以800x600分辨率為例,文件名為bootsplash-800x600.cfg,可以用vi進(jìn)行編輯,####開頭的為筆者加的注釋。

[/code:1:7b9eb010fc]
[code:1:7b9eb010fc]
# This is the configuration file for the 800x600 bootsplash picture.
#
# This file is necessary to specify the coordinates of the text box on
# the splash screen.
#
# Comments are welcome by oliver@dediziert.org

# config file version
version=3

# should the picture be displayed?
state=1

# fgcolor is the text forground color.
# bgcolor is the text background (i.e. transparent) color.
fgcolor=7 
bgcolor=0

# (tx, ty) are the (x, y) coordinates of the text window in pixels.
# tw/th is the width/height of the text window in pixels.
tx=0
ty=0
tw=800
th=600

####predefine area for the text info
text_x=260
text_y=545
text_size=20
text_color=0xeef4ff
####

# name of the picture file (full path recommended)
jpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/bootsplash-800x600.jpg
silentjpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/silent-800x600.jpg

progress_enable=1

# background
box silent noover 160 520 642 538 #00000050
box silent inter 160 520 160 537 #b77200 #b77200 #f2b700 #f2b700
box silent  160 520 642 538 #b77200 #b77200 #f2b700 #f2b700

# black border
box silent  160 520 642 520 #b5b5b5
box silent  160 538 642 538 #b5b5b5
box silent  160 520 160 538 #b5b5b5
box silent  642 520 642 538 #b5b5b5

overpaintok=1
[/code:1:7b9eb010fc]

  我們可以修改這個(gè)文件中的一些選項(xiàng)來(lái)得到自己想要的效果。具體選項(xiàng)的含義可以查看:

http://www.bootsplash.org/config.html
# name of the picture file (full path recommended)
jpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/bootsplash-800x600.jpg
silentjpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/silent-800x600.jpg

  這兩行指定了作為啟動(dòng)動(dòng)畫的圖片和控制臺(tái)背景的圖片的名字和絕對(duì)路徑,我們只需把自己制作的圖片命名為這里指定的圖片,并且放在這個(gè)路徑下,就可以應(yīng)用自己的主題了。(想想看,制作themes是相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的。不明白為什么網(wǎng)上沒(méi)有redhat linux的主題圖片。)

  我修改了/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/config/bootsplash-800x600.cfg文件,定義顯示文本信息區(qū)域。###部分是我添加的內(nèi)容。

[code:1:7b9eb010fc]

第六步  將圖片與 init Ram Disk 綁定 splash -s -f /etc/bootsplash/themes/Linux/config/bootsplash-800x600.cfg > /boot/initrd-splash.img 對(duì)于ide硬盤,我們可以直接用splash工具生成initrd*.img文件,這個(gè)文件對(duì)ide硬盤來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)什么用,我們?cè)谶@里只是通過(guò)它來(lái)使用啟動(dòng)畫面。

  如果你只想看到一副靜態(tài)的畫面,跳過(guò)第七步,看第八步,不用修改腳本文件。

  第七步>  將腳本splash.sh拷入/etc/rc.d/下,并修改splash.sh和rc,建議在修改rc腳本文件前進(jìn)行備份(cp rc rc.bak)
# cp bootsplash-3.0.7/Scripts/splash.sh/etc/rc.d

  下面來(lái)看完整的splash.sh腳本文件,要想這個(gè)腳本起作用,必須修改rc腳本,通過(guò)rc腳本調(diào)用splash.sh腳本,需要賦予splash.sh腳本可執(zhí)行權(quán)限。需要一些shell script的知識(shí)。網(wǎng)上很多,google吧。

   我現(xiàn)在的/etc/rc.d/splash.sh腳本,刪除了原來(lái)放在這個(gè)腳本中的繪制進(jìn)度條部分(調(diào)試不成功)和播放動(dòng)畫部分(還沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)),以及不適用于red hat linux的一些命令。這個(gè)腳本現(xiàn)在只打印類似“booting the system"和"shutting down the system"的信息和實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)的silent mode。

#!/bin/bash
#
# splash.sh - This shell script triggers bootsplash actions during
# system boot/shutdown. It can be run by the init scripts repeatedly
# specifying the currently executed system script.
#
#rewrite this script at the base of offered by http://www.bootsplash.org
#line with ### added by me

_procsplash="`cat /proc/splash 2>/dev/null`"

###give the variable "THEME" the name of the directory which the current
###silent mode picture stored
THEME="NewLinux"

test ! -d "/etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME" && exit 0

# assertions
test -r /proc/splash || exit 0
test -z "`echo $_procsplash|grep on`" && exit 0

####"Yast" is a utilies for SuSE Linux,no for RedHat Linux
####maybe we can erase it 
test "$1" == "bootnetwork stop" -o "$1" == "YaST" && exit 0 # no progress

# We chose verbose in grub
test "`cat /proc/cmdline |grep \"splash=silent\"`" == "" && exit 0 

if [ "$PREVLEVEL" == "3" -o "$PREVLEVEL" == "5" ]; then
###no below ,no silent mode when shutting down
 if [ "$RUNLEVEL"  = "3" -o "$RUNLEVEL" == "5" ]; then
  exit 0
 fi
### but why ? 
fi

# acquire data

_shutdown="no"
_silent="no"
test "`cat /proc/splash |grep silent`" && _silent="yes"
test "$RUNLEVEL" == "6" -o "$RUNLEVEL" == "0" && _shutdown="yes"

test -f "/etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME/config/bootsplash-`fbresolution`.cfg" && \
 . /etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME/config/bootsplash-`fbresolution`.cfg

#
# Print text string. (Booting/Shutting down the system. Press
# F2 for verbose mode)
#
###switch to slient mode when shutdown or reboot the system
 test "$_shutdown" == "yes" && ( echo "silent" >/proc/splash; chvt 1)

###print infomation at the area predifined by config file "bootsplash-800x600.cfg"
 _boot="Booting"; test "$_shutdown" == "yes" && _boot="Shutting down"

###is the area for infomation defined? yes ,print info, no,run on 
 if [ "$text_x" != "" -a "$text_y" != "" \
    -a "$text_color" != "" -a "$text_size" != "" -a "$_silent" == "yes" ]; 
 then
  fbtruetype -x $text_x -y $text_y -t $text_color -s $text_size \
   "$_boot the system ..."
 fi

[/code:1:7b9eb010fc]

  下面來(lái)看rc腳本(此為系統(tǒng)腳本,決定runlevel和kill or start services,修改前要備份一下,到時(shí)要改回來(lái)只要覆蓋一下就好了cp rc.bak rc)。下面是我現(xiàn)在的/etc/rc.d/rc腳本,定義一個(gè)函數(shù),for循環(huán)中調(diào)用它,以繪制啟動(dòng)進(jìn)度。重新寫了幾行代碼,繪制進(jìn)度條。以運(yùn)行級(jí)下的服務(wù)總個(gè)數(shù)和已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)的服務(wù)個(gè)數(shù)之比作為progress bar的進(jìn)度,這樣進(jìn)度條顯得均勻了一些。

  現(xiàn)在這個(gè)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)以下功能,開機(jī)silent模式,有開始畫面,有進(jìn)度條,進(jìn)度條下有booting system 提示。關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)切換到silent模式,有畫面。提示shutting down the system.

不過(guò)在開機(jī)的時(shí)候,有一半時(shí)間進(jìn)度條是空的(系統(tǒng)在加載內(nèi)核,檢測(cè)硬件),在關(guān)機(jī)的時(shí)候,進(jìn)度條一下子就滿了,然后又變空,直到關(guān)機(jī)。呵呵,回頭再改,告一段落了先。

[code:1:7b9eb010fc]
#! /bin/bash
#
# rc        This file is responsible for starting/stopping
#          services when the runlevel changes.
#
# Original Author:     
#          Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@drinkel.nl.mugnet.org>
#

# check a file to be a correct runlevel script

###########################Bootsplash start##############
####function progressbar
function progressbar ()
{
_progress=$1
_num=$num
echo show "$(( 65534*($_progress + 1)/$_num ))">/proc/splash 2>/dev/null
}
####end fuction
##########################Bootsplash End###############
check_runlevel ()
{
# Check if the file exists at all.
[ -x "$1" ] || return 1

# Reject backup files and files generated by rpm.
case "$1" in
 *.rpmsave|*.rpmorig|*.rpmnew|*~|*.orig)
  return 1
 ;;
esac
return 0
}

# Now find out what the current and what the previous runlevel are.
argv1="$1"
set `/sbin/runlevel`
runlevel=$2
previous=$1
export runlevel previous

. /etc/init.d/functions

# See if we want to be in user confirmation mode
if [ "$previous" = "N" ]; then
if [ -f /var/run/confirm ] \
  || grep -i confirm /proc/cmdline >/dev/null; then
 rm -f /var/run/confirm
 CONFIRM=yes
 export CONFIRM
 echo $"Entering interactive startup"
else
 echo $"Entering non-interactive startup"
fi
fi

# Get first argument. Set new runlevel to this argument.
[ -n "$argv1" ] && runlevel="$argv1"

####################Bootsplash start###############
progress=0
num=0
###count the services for progressbar
for countservices in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/*;do
num=$(( $num + 1 ))
done
###################Bootsplash End##################

# Is there an rc directory for this new runlevel?
[ -d /etc/rc$runlevel.d ] || exit 0

# First, run the KILL scripts.
for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K*; do
###################Bootsplash start#################
progress=$(( $progress + 1 ))
/etc/rc.d/splash.sh 2>/dev/null
progressbar $progress
##################Bootsplash End####################
check_runlevel "$i" || continue

# Check if the subsystem is already up.
subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K??}
[ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys -o -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] \
 || continue

# Bring the subsystem down.
if egrep -q "(killproc |action )" $i; then
 $i stop
else
 action $"Stopping $subsys: " $i stop
fi
done

# Now run the START scripts.
for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S*; do
###################Bootsplash start#################
progress=$(( $progress + 1 ))
/etc/rc.d/splash.sh 2>/dev/null
progressbar $progress
##################Bootsplash End####################
check_runlevel "$i" || continue

# Check if the subsystem is already up.
subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S??}
[ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys -o -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] \
 && continue
    
# If we’re in confirmation mode, get user confirmation
if [ -n "$CONFIRM" ]; then
 confirm $subsys
 case $? in
  0) :;;
  2) CONFIRM=;;
  *) continue;;
 esac 
fi

# Bring the subsystem up.
if [ "$subsys" = "halt" -o "$subsys" = "reboot" ]; then
 export LC_ALL=C
 exec $i start
fi
if egrep -q "(daemon |action |success |failure )" $i 2>/dev/null \
  || [ "$subsys" = "single" -o "$subsys" = "local" ]; then
 $i start
else
 action $"Starting $subsys: " $i start
fi
done
[/code:1:7b9eb010fc]
[code:1:7b9eb010fc]

  第八步 修改(bootloader)  grub(或者lilo)。我用的是grub,硬盤是ide的。只列出需要修改的部分。我的硬盤分區(qū)swap,boot,/。

title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20+bootsplash)
 root (hd0,0)
 kernel /bzImage-2.4.20 ro root=/dev/hda3 vga=788 splash=silent  
 initrd /initrd-splash.img
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.23)
 root (hd0,0)
 kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/  
 initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img

  788為800x600模式,791為1024x768模式。這里的模式選擇要與圖片的大小一致。

  到這里就可以重新啟動(dòng)了。呵呵,大功告成。趕緊實(shí)驗(yàn)一下,享受自己的全畫面Linux啟動(dòng)吧。

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